umowny

Umowny is a Polish adjective meaning “agreed” or “contractual.” It describes terms, amounts, dates or obligations that are determined by mutual agreement of the contracting parties rather than by statutory regulation or external factors. The word is derived from umowa (contract) with the suffix -ny and is commonly used in formal, legal, and business language.

Common contexts include cena umowna (agreed price), termin umowny (agreed date), warunki umowne (contractual terms), and kara umowna (contractual penalty). The concept is central to civil law in describing how contracts allocate risk, price, and performance. The relevant element is set by the contract and binding between the parties, subject to amendments (aneks) or invalidation under applicable law.

In relation to other terms, umowny contrasts with figures or rules set by law (ustawowy) or by market conditions (rynkowy). Contract terms that are umowne must still comply with mandatory legal provisions and consumer protection rules; they cannot suspend rights arising from law. The use of umowny signals negotiability and predictability, as terms can be renegotiated or clarified through amendments or renegotiated contracts.

Examples illustrate the concept: a nieruchomości sprzedaży contract may fix the price as cena umowna; payments may be scheduled according to a termin umowny; breaches may trigger kara umowna, a pre-agreed penalty.