túlérzékenységét

Túlérzékenységét refers to hypersensitivity or an exaggerated response of the immune system to substances that are generally harmless to most people. This condition is often referred to as an allergy. When an individual with hypersensitivity encounters an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and launches a defensive reaction. This reaction can manifest in various ways, affecting different parts of the body.

Common symptoms of hypersensitivity include skin reactions like hives, itching, or eczema, respiratory problems such as sneezing, runny nose, coughing, or difficulty breathing, and digestive issues like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. In severe cases, hypersensitivity can lead to anaphylaxis, a life-threatening allergic reaction that requires immediate medical attention.

The exact causes of hypersensitivity are not fully understood, but genetic predisposition and environmental factors are believed to play a significant role. Exposure to certain substances during infancy, such as food or environmental allergens, can also increase the risk. Diagnosis typically involves a medical history, physical examination, and specific allergy tests, such as skin prick tests or blood tests.

Management of hypersensitivity focuses on avoiding known allergens and managing symptoms. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine are commonly used medications. In some instances, allergen immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots, may be recommended to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens over time. Lifestyle modifications to reduce exposure to triggers are also crucial.