túlfeszültség

Túlfeszültség, often translated as overvoltage, refers to a condition where the electrical potential difference across a component or circuit exceeds its normal operating or design limit. This phenomenon can have various causes and consequences.

Natural causes of overvoltage include lightning strikes, which can induce extremely high voltages in electrical systems. Atmospheric disturbances and switching surges within the power grid itself can also lead to temporary overvoltage events. Accidental contact between high-voltage and low-voltage lines, or faults within electrical equipment, are other potential triggers.

The impact of overvoltage can range from minor inconveniences to catastrophic failures. Transient overvoltages, which are brief but intense, can damage sensitive electronic components like microchips and integrated circuits, leading to malfunctions or complete destruction. Prolonged overvoltage can cause insulation breakdown, overheating, and ultimately fire hazards.

Protective measures are essential to mitigate the risks associated with overvoltage. Surge protective devices (SPDs), also known as surge suppressors, are commonly installed in electrical systems. These devices divert excess voltage away from protected equipment to the ground. Proper grounding of electrical systems is also crucial for dissipating overvoltages safely. Regular maintenance and inspection of electrical infrastructure help identify potential vulnerabilities and prevent overvoltage incidents. Understanding the causes and implementing appropriate protection strategies are key to maintaining the reliability and safety of electrical installations.