turbinegenerator

A turbine-generator is a machine that couples a turbine to an electric generator on a single shaft to convert mechanical energy into electrical power. The turbine extracts energy from a working fluid—such as steam, combustion gas, or flowing water—causing the shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the generator to produce alternating current electricity. Turbine-generators are central to most thermal, hydroelectric, and combined heat and power installations.

Common configurations include steam turbine-generators, gas turbine-generators, hydro turbine-generators, and microturbine systems. In large plants, the turbine is linked to a synchronous generator and controlled by governors and excitation systems to maintain output and grid frequency. Some plants use combined cycles that pair a gas turbine with a steam turbine to improve overall efficiency.

Key components include the turbine, the electric generator (often a synchronous alternator), a coupling shaft, bearings and lubrication, cooling systems, and control equipment. The generator is typically excited to produce a stable output; automatic controls regulate fuel flow, steam or gas pressure, and turbine speed to match grid requirements. Safety devices and vibration monitoring are essential for reliable operation.

Applications range from base-load and peaking power plants to combined heat and power systems and portable units. Efficiency varies by technology, with gas and steam combined cycles achieving higher overall efficiency than single-cycle systems. Environmental impact depends on fuel and plant design, with ongoing improvements in emissions, noise reduction, and maintenance practices.