tumort

Tumort is a term used in some languages to denote a tumor, an abnormal growth of tissue caused by uncontrolled cell division. In English medical usage, the standard term is tumor; tumort may be encountered as a loanword or regional spelling. The concept covers both noncancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant) masses.

Benign tumors are usually slow growing, well circumscribed, and do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize. Malignant tumors invade locally and can spread through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant sites; malignant epithelial tumors are often called cancers.

Most tumors arise from genetic alterations that disrupt cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and DNA repair. Risk factors include tobacco use, obesity, certain infections, radiation exposure, age, and inherited syndromes. Tumor development is usually the result of multiple interacting genetic and environmental factors.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of history, physical examination, imaging (ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, PET), and tissue sampling for histopathology. Staging assesses size and spread (for example, using TNM). Molecular and genetic testing can guide targeted therapies.

Treatment is personalized. Benign tumors are frequently managed with observation or surgical removal. Malignant tumors may require surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy, alone or in combination. The prognosis varies widely by tumor type, stage at diagnosis, and patient health; early detection improves outcomes.