tulitikun

Tulitikun, in Finnish, refers to a matchstick—a small wooden or cardboard stick with a chemically coated tip that can ignite when it is struck against a suitable surface. It is a common tool for producing a flame for lighting candles, stoves, fireplaces, or other items.

Construction and mechanism: A typical tulitikku has a porous, untreated wooden or cardboard stem and a head coated with an oxidizer, fuel, and binder. The striking surface on the box or a striker contains materials such as red phosphorus and an abrasive. Friction generates heat, triggering a chemical reaction that lights the match head. Modern safety matches are designed to ignite only on the designated striker surface, reducing accidental ignition.

Types: The main varieties are safety matches and strike-anywhere matches. Safety matches are designed to ignite when struck on the box’s specially prepared surface, using red phosphorus on the striker. Strike-anywhere matches, once common, could be ignited on rough surfaces but have become less common due to safety and toxicological concerns. In many regions, stricter regulations limit the use of certain match formulations.

History and regulation: Friction matches were first developed in the early 19th century, with John Walker often credited for the initial friction match. Safety matches were improved in the mid-19th century by Swedish chemists who developed safer formulations to replace dangerous white phosphorus. Over time, regulatory changes reduced the availability of older, more hazardous types, and modern matches emphasize safety in both composition and packaging.

Safety and handling: Tulitikun are flammable and can pose fire and burn hazards, especially to children. They are typically kept away from heat sources, moisture, and ignition sources and stored in a closed container when not in use.