topografická

Topografické is a Czech term used as an adjective meaning related to topography. In English, topography is the description and mapping of the surface features of a land area or other celestial body, including its relief, elevation, and human-made features.

The field encompasses the collection, analysis, and representation of terrain data. It covers natural elements such as mountains, rivers, slopes, and drainage, as well as built elements such as roads, buildings, and land use. The purpose is to create accurate, scale-referenced representations of the surface.

Measurements are obtained through ground surveys, aerial surveying, satellite imagery, photogrammetry, and active remote sensing methods such as LiDAR. Data are processed into digital models and maps, including digital elevation models (DEMs), digital terrain models (DTMs), and topographic maps, stored in GIS with defined coordinate reference systems.

Topografické products support cartography, urban and regional planning, civil engineering, geology, forestry, archaeology, and environmental management. The Czech term is used in official maps and planning documents as 'topografická mapa' or 'topografické měření'.