thermoformování

Thermoformování, also known as vacuum forming, is a manufacturing process where a plastic sheet is heated to a pliable forming temperature, stretched onto or into a mold, and then allowed to cool while taking the shape of the mold. This technique is widely used for producing a vast array of products, from packaging and automotive parts to consumer goods and medical devices.

The process begins with a flat sheet of thermoplastic material. This sheet is secured over a mold cavity. Heat is applied, typically using radiant heaters, until the plastic reaches its optimal forming temperature. Once pliable, the plastic is drawn tightly against the mold surface. This is most commonly achieved using vacuum, which pulls the air out from between the plastic and the mold, thereby forcing the plastic into every detail of the mold. Pressure forming is another variation where compressed air is used to push the plastic against the mold. After cooling and solidifying, the formed plastic part is ejected from the mold.

Thermoforming is favored for its cost-effectiveness, especially for medium to large production runs. It allows for intricate shapes and designs with relatively low tooling costs compared to injection molding. The materials commonly used include polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene, and PVC. The thickness of the plastic sheet can vary significantly, influencing the strength and application of the final product.