teses

Teses are formal scholarly works that present original research and are submitted in partial fulfillment of an academic degree. The term is most commonly used in Portuguese-speaking contexts, where teses (plural) may refer to doctoral or, in some countries, to master's work depending on local terminology. In Portugal, a tese is normally doctoral; a dissertação is associated with master's studies, while in Brazil both words are used variably by institutions.

A key purpose is to demonstrate the author's mastery of a field, contribute new knowledge, and present a credible argument supported by evidence, data, and analysis. A thesis must raise a clear research question or hypothesis and justify its significance within the scholarly literature.

Typical structure includes a title, abstract, keywords, introduction, literature review, methodology, results or findings, discussion, conclusion, references, and may include appendices. Some theses are monographs, while others are compilations of publishable papers. Formatting and length requirements vary by institution and discipline.

Process usually involves proposal or project approval, data collection or investigation, writing and revision, and submission to a supervising committee. An oral or public defense (viva voce) may be required, after which examiners provide feedback or require revisions before final submission and deposit in the university library or repositories. Ethical approval and proper citation are standard expectations.

Teses contribute to academic careers by documenting research rigor and enabling peer review. They are indexed in library catalogs and sometimes in scholarly databases, aiding discoverability and further study.