appendices

An appendix is a supplementary part of a document that provides material that would be distracting or too detailed if included in the main text but is useful for readers who want deeper information. Appendices are commonly found in academic theses, reports, books, and standards documents. They appear after the main body and before the bibliography or index.

Contents and labeling: Appendices can include raw data tables, detailed calculations, questionnaires, interview transcripts, code snippets, maps, charts, technical specifications, or supporting documents. Each appendix is typically labeled (for example, Appendix A, Appendix B) and given a descriptive title. Figures, tables, and equations within appendices are usually numbered with a corresponding prefix (Figure A-1, Table B-3).

Referencing and accessibility: In the main text, readers are directed to the appendix by citation (see Appendix A). Appendices should be self-contained, with clear captions and, where appropriate, brief introductory notes explaining how the material relates to the main argument. They should be organized logically and consistently with the document’s style.

Differences and scope: Appendices differ from annexes or addenda in some fields, where the terms reflect different roles; appendices are typically supplementary rather than essential. In digital documents, appendices may be linked or placed as separate files.

Best practices: include only material that genuinely supports or clarifies the main text, avoid repetition, ensure consistency in formatting, and respect privacy or confidentiality where applicable. A table of contents may help readers locate appendices quickly.