terugstroom

Terugstroom is the term used to describe the flow of a substance in the opposite direction to the intended or usual flow within a system. The concept is applied in different contexts, most commonly in water supply and in electrical systems, where reverse flow can create safety or contamination risks.

In drinking-water networks, terugstroom refers to water flowing back into the public supply from a consumer installation. This can happen when the pressure in the consumer’s piping exceeds the supply pressure, or when there are cross-connections with non-potable sources such as rainwater, chemicals, or irrigations systems. The main risk is contamination of the potable water supply, which can pose health hazards and breach safety regulations.

Preventing terugstroom hinges on backflow prevention measures. These include devices and configurations such as air gaps, backflow preventers (terugstroombeveiliging), reduced pressure zone valves, and double-check valves. Proper installation, correct placement at potential cross-connections, and regular testing by qualified professionals are essential. Local codes and water utilities typically require assessment of at-risk installations and periodic periodic verification to maintain water safety.

In electrical systems, terugstroom can describe reverse current or backfeed from distributed generation, such as rooftop solar, back into the electricity grid. This can affect protection schemes, metering, and grid stability. Mitigation involves appropriate electrical design, backfeed protection, and compliance with grid codes and standards to ensure safety and reliability for both consumers and the utility.

Etymologically, terugstroom combines the Dutch words for “back” (terug) and “flow” (stroom). The term is primarily used in technical and regulatory contexts to mean reverse flow in a system and the measures required to prevent it.