termitaria

Termitaria are nests built by termite colonies, structures that range from compact underground chambers to towering mounds above the ground. They are constructed from a mixture of soil particles, feces, saliva, and, in some species, plant fibers or waxy secretions. The termitaria protect the colony from desiccation, predators and fire, while enabling humidity and temperature regulation.

Termites (order Blattodea: formerly Isoptera) are eusocial insects with a caste system comprising workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals (king and queen). The nest houses these castes and provides a network of galleries and chambers that extend to food sources. Ventilation is achieved through strategically placed voids, vents, and asymmetrical walls that promote airflow and maintain internal conditions.

Termitaria occur in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, with numerous species forming large above-ground mounds, especially in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Subterranean and arboreal termitaria also exist. The architecture and materials vary by species and environment, from domed hard mounds to elaborate maze-like underground networks.

Ecologically, termitaria influence soil properties, aeration, and nutrient cycling, and they create microhabitats for other organisms. They can be important components of savanna and forest ecosystems. They are also a common pest in human structures, wood, and papers, leading to economic losses in some regions. Management depends on species and location.