termids

Termites, commonly referred to as "white ants" despite not being closely related to ants, are social insects belonging to the order **Isoptera** (though some modern classifications place them in the order **Blattodea**). They are known for their complex colonies, which can include millions of individuals, and their role as decomposers in ecosystems. Termites play a crucial ecological function by breaking down dead plant material, contributing to nutrient cycling in soil.

Termites exhibit a highly organized caste system, typically divided into workers, soldiers, and reproductive individuals (kings and queens). Workers, the most numerous, are responsible for foraging, feeding the colony, and maintaining tunnels. Soldiers defend the nest against predators, while the king and queen reproduce to sustain the colony’s growth. Some species also have supplementary castes, such as nymphs that develop into either workers or reproductives depending on environmental conditions.

Termites are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions, though some species thrive in temperate climates. They construct intricate nests, often made of mud, wood, or saliva, which can be subterranean, arboreal, or mound-like. Their feeding habits center on cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls, which they digest with the help of symbiotic protozoa or bacteria in their gut.

While termites are vital for ecosystem health, they are also considered pests due to their ability to damage wooden structures. Their silent, destructive feeding habits can lead to significant economic losses in buildings and infrastructure. Control measures include chemical treatments, bait systems, and physical barriers to prevent infestations.

Termites have been studied extensively for their unique social structures, communication methods, and biochemical adaptations. Research in this area continues to provide insights into insect behavior, ecology, and even potential applications in human technology.