terendam

Terendam is an Indonesian and Malay adjective describing a state in which something is submerged or inundated by water. It typically refers to objects, places, or areas that are covered by water as a result of flooding, high tides, or heavy rainfall. The term emphasizes the presence of water over the surface rather than a process of sinking.

Etymology and grammar: Terendam is formed from the prefix ter- plus the root endam, conveying a passive or involuntary state. In Indonesian usage, ter- often indicates that the subject has entered a condition beyond its control, such as being submerged. The word is commonly used in both formal and everyday language.

Usage and contexts: Terendam appears in reports on natural disasters, news coverage, and civil planning. Examples include "Kota itu terendam banjir" (The city is flooded/submerged) and "lantai terendam air" (the floor is submerged). The term can apply to terrain, infrastructure, vehicles, and artifacts affected by water. It is less about the act of sinking and more about the surface being covered by water.

Relation to similar terms: Terendam describes submersion by water; tenggelam emphasizes the act of sinking beneath the water surface. While both relate to immersion, terendam highlights surface coverage, often from external flooding, whereas tenggelam implies movement downward into water.

Regional usage: The word is standard in Indonesian and is also understood in Malay. Variants and collocations may reflect local dialects or technical jargon in disaster management, hydrology, and maritime contexts.