teobromiinia

Theobromine is a bitter alkaloid found in cacao beans, the source of chocolate. It belongs to the methylxanthine class of compounds, sharing structural similarities with caffeine and theophylline. Theobromine's chemical formula is C7H8N4O2. It is naturally present in various plants, including the cacao tree (Theobroma cacao), the kola nut, and the guarana berry.

When consumed, theobromine acts as a stimulant, though its effects are generally considered less potent than those of caffeine. It primarily affects the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system. Theobromine is metabolized in the liver and excreted through the kidneys.

In humans, theobromine can have mild diuretic properties and can also act as a vasodilator, widening blood vessels. It is thought to contribute to the mood-enhancing effects associated with chocolate consumption. While generally safe for humans in moderate amounts, high doses can lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, tremors, and increased heart rate.

Theobromine is also toxic to some animals, particularly dogs, as their metabolism processes it much more slowly than humans. This is why chocolate is often advised to be kept away from pets. The concentration of theobromine varies depending on the type of chocolate, with dark chocolate and baking chocolate containing significantly higher amounts than milk chocolate.