kola

Kola, or kola nut, refers to the seed of the kola tree, which is part of the genus Cola in the family Malvaceae. The two best known cultivated species are Cola acuminata and Cola nitida. Native to tropical West and Central Africa, kola trees are evergreen and can grow to several meters tall; they produce glossy leaves, small flowers, and hard woody pods containing 1–3 seeds that are the kola nuts.

The seeds are bitter and are traditionally chewed or ground to release caffeine and theobromine, producing a stimulating effect. They are also used to flavor beverages and as a flavoring in traditional foods. Historically, kola extract was a key ingredient in early cola drinks and contributed to the distinctive flavor and caffeine content of many soft drinks. Culturally, kola nuts play a role in West African hospitality and ceremonial exchange, where guests may be offered a piece of kola as a sign of respect and friendship.

Distribution and use extend mainly across Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, the Ivory Coast, and neighboring countries, with kola nuts having been traded internationally since the 19th century. They were once a central commodity in global trade before synthetic caffeine and other flavorings reduced their dominance in some markets.

Today, kola remains used in traditional practices and as a flavoring agent in some beverages. The term kola can also refer to beverages or products derived from kola nut extract, distinct from the tree or its seed.