tazaroteno

Tazaroteno, or tazarotene, is a synthetic topical retinoid used in dermatology for the treatment of acne vulgaris and plaque psoriasis. It is a prodrug that is metabolized in the skin to tazarotenic acid, the active form. As a third‑generation retinoid, it is available in topical formulations such as creams and gels, commonly in 0.05% or 0.1% strengths.

Mechanism of action: Tazarotene binds to retinoic acid receptors, with affinity for RAR‑β and RAR‑γ. This receptor activation modulates gene expression to reduce keratinocyte proliferation, promote differentiation, and exert anti‑inflammatory effects. The combined actions help normalize keratinization and decrease lesion formation.

Clinical uses: It is approved for acne vulgaris and plaque psoriasis. Topical tazarotene may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other therapies, and has been explored for cosmetic indications such as photoaged skin. Efficacy and tolerability vary among individuals, and gradual titration is often employed to minimize irritation.

Administration and safety: Apply a thin layer to affected areas once daily, typically at night. Common adverse effects include irritation, redness, dryness, and peeling at the application site. Tazarotene is teratogenic and contraindicated in pregnancy; women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception. It increases photosensitivity, so sunscreen and sun avoidance are advised. Caution is advised with concurrent keratolytics or waxing; benzoyl peroxide can reduce tazarotene activity if used together.