Tazarotene

Tazarotene is a synthetic topical retinoid used in dermatology for the treatment of acne vulgaris, plaque psoriasis, and signs of photoaging such as fine wrinkles and hyperpigmented patches. It is available in topical formulations, including gels and creams, in commonly used concentrations of 0.05% and 0.1%.

Mechanism of action centers on retinoic acid receptor activation. Tazarotene is a prodrug that is metabolized to tazarotenic acid and acts as an agonist at retinoic acid receptors, particularly RAR-β and RAR-γ. This activity helps normalize keratinocyte differentiation, reduces keratinocyte proliferation, and exerts anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to the reduction of plaque formation in psoriasis and comedone formation in acne.

Administration and dosage typically involve once-daily application to affected areas, usually at night. The product should be applied to clean, dry skin, avoiding eyes, lips, mucous membranes, and areas of the skin with active dermatitis. After application, hands should be washed, and a moisturizer can be used to mitigate irritation. Initiation may require a lower frequency or smaller areas to minimize irritation; photoprotection is essential, as tazarotene increases photosensitivity.

Safety and contraindications include a contraindication in pregnancy due to teratogenic risk; it is categorized as pregnancy category X. Women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception. Common adverse effects are local irritant reactions such as erythema, burning, pruritus, and desquamation, with increased sensitivity to sunlight. Caution is advised when using with other irritants or keratolytic agents. Interactions may occur with benzoyl peroxide, which can antagonize tazarotene when used on the same area; separate timing of application is often recommended. Regular monitoring by a clinician is advised to manage irritation and assess efficacy.