sünoviaalhaigused

Synovial diseases encompass a range of conditions affecting the synovial membrane, a connective tissue that lines the inside of joints. This membrane produces synovial fluid, which lubricates the joints, reduces friction, and nourishes the cartilage. When the synovial membrane becomes inflamed or damaged, it can lead to significant pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

One of the most common types of synovial disease is arthritis, particularly inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the synovial membrane, causing chronic inflammation and damage to the joint. Osteoarthritis, while primarily a degenerative joint disease, can also involve inflammation of the synovial membrane as a secondary effect of cartilage breakdown. Other conditions like gout, characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, can trigger acute inflammation of the synovium.

Symptoms of synovial diseases often include joint pain, swelling, warmth, redness, and stiffness, especially in the morning. The affected joints may also feel tender to the touch, and range of motion can be significantly limited. In chronic inflammatory conditions, the persistent inflammation can lead to the erosion of cartilage and bone, causing joint deformity and disability.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, blood tests to detect inflammatory markers or antibodies, and imaging techniques such as X-rays, ultrasound, or MRI to visualize the joint and assess the extent of damage. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, alleviate pain, preserve joint function, and prevent further damage. This may include medications like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), or biologic agents, alongside physical therapy and lifestyle modifications. In severe cases, surgical interventions may be considered.