südamehaigusega

südamehaigusega is an Estonian term that translates to “heart disease” or “cardiac disease” in English. It refers to a broad spectrum of conditions that affect the structure and function of the heart and its surrounding blood vessels. Common types of heart disease include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, valvular disease, and congenital heart defects. Each subcategory has distinct causes, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment options.

Epidemiology shows that heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Estonia, like many European countries, ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) remains the most prevalent form, followed by heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity contribute significantly to disease onset and progression. Genetic predisposition also plays a role, especially in conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and certain channelopathies.

Diagnosis involves a combination of patient history, physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac imaging (CT or MRI), and laboratory markers. Treatment strategies range from lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy (antihypertensives, statins, anticoagulants) to interventional procedures (angioplasty, stenting, valve repair or replacement) and, when necessary, surgical options such as coronary artery bypass grafting.

Prevention focuses on controlling modifiable risk factors, promoting regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy diet, and early detection of subclinical disease through routine screening. Public health initiatives in Estonia emphasize cardiovascular screening in primary care settings, smoking cessation programs, and education on heart-healthy living to reduce the incidence of südamehaigusega and improve patient outcomes.