sycophantic

Sycophantic is an adjective describing behavior or attitudes characterized by obsequious flattery toward someone in a position of power, typically intended to gain influence, protection, or favorable treatment. The term implies insincerity or manipulation, rather than genuine admiration.

Origin: The word originates in ancient Greece. Sycophants were individuals who acted as informers or accusers before authorities, often seeking personal gain. In that historical sense, the term carried a negative judgment about those who sought profit by pleasing the powerful. Over time, sycophantic broadened to describe anyone who flatters or curries favor to advance their own interests, not limited to legal or political settings. The exact etymology is debated, but the association with ingratiation toward power is well established.

Usage and connotations: In modern English, sycophantic carries a strongly critical tone. It is commonly applied to politicians, executives, or media figures who repeatedly praise a superior's decisions, echo their views, or arrange favorable outcomes. It can describe language, behavior, or patterns of interaction. It is usually negative, though in some contexts it may be used self-deprecatingly.

Examples: "The press secretary offered only sycophantic statements about the president's policy." "Her sycophantic praise of the boss undermined her credibility." "He surrounded himself with sycophantic aides who shared his agenda."

Synonyms include obsequious, fawning, toadying, and servile. Antonyms include frank, candid, independent, and assertive.