suurjännitekaapeli

Suurjännitekaapeli, meaning high-voltage cable in Finnish, is an electrical cable designed to transmit electrical power at high voltages. These cables are crucial components of modern electrical grids, enabling the efficient transport of electricity over long distances from power generation plants to substations and then to consumers. They differ from low-voltage cables in their construction, insulation materials, and the rigorous testing they undergo.

The primary function of a suurjännitekaapeli is to minimize energy losses during transmission. This is achieved through a combination of factors including the conductor material (typically copper or aluminum), the thickness of the conductor, and the quality and thickness of the insulating layers. High-voltage cables are designed to withstand the electrical stresses associated with high potentials, preventing premature failure or arcing.

Construction typically involves a central conductor, surrounded by layers of insulation. Common insulating materials include cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), paper-oil insulation, or EPR (ethylene propylene rubber). The insulation is critical for maintaining electrical separation between the conductor and the surrounding environment or other conductors. A metallic screen or shield is often present to control the electrical field and provide a path for fault currents. The outer jacket provides mechanical protection and environmental resistance.

Suurjännitekaapelit can be installed in various ways, including underground, overhead, or underwater. Underground installation is common in urban areas to minimize visual impact and protect against weather, while overhead lines are more cost-effective for long-distance transmission in open areas. Underwater cables are used to connect islands or cross bodies of water. The selection of installation method depends on factors like cost, environmental conditions, and the required capacity.