surplice

Surplice

The surplice is a loose-fitting white liturgical vestment worn by clergy and choir members in many Western Christian churches. It is typically worn over an alb or cassock. The surplice is usually shorter than an alb, often knee-length or shorter, with short or wide sleeves; many examples feature lace or embroidery at the cuffs, yoke, or front. Styles vary by tradition: in Catholic and Anglican usage the garment may be plain or heavily trimmed; longer forms are sometimes worn for solemn services, especially by choir members.

Usage and function: In the Catholic Church, the surplice is worn by priests, deacons, and altar servers for liturgical functions when the alb is not required; in Anglican churches it is part of the standard clerical dress alongside the cassock; in some Lutheran and Methodist communities it remains in use for choir and certain services.

Origin and relation to other garments: The garment originated in the medieval period as an overgarment worn over the alb; its white color symbolizes purity. It is distinct from related garments: the alb is longer and sleeved as a linen tunic worn directly next to the skin, and the rochet is a separate, narrow-sleeved ecclesiastical white vestment worn by some clergy.