cassock

A cassock is a long, close-fitting ankle- to floor-length robe worn by clergy in many Christian traditions. It serves as daily clerical dress and forms the base layer for other liturgical garments. The cassock is designed to be worn under surplices, albs, or other outer garments, and it is typically tailored with long sleeves and a standing collar. It is usually fastened down the front with a row of buttons.

Color and style vary by tradition and rank. In many Western churches, black is the common color for priests, while higher ranks may wear specific colors to indicate status (for example, purple or amethyst for bishops and red for certain high-ranking clergy in the Catholic tradition). The cut can be single- or double-breasted, and some forms have additional features such as a fascia or belt.

In the Catholic Church, the traditional Roman cassock, also called a soutane, is often noted for its length, fitted silhouette, and a full-length row of buttons. The garment may be worn with a clerical collar and is commonly used for daily wear as well as formal liturgical duties. Other traditions, including Anglican and some Protestant churches, use similar garments, though styles and naming conventions differ.

Historically, the cassock emerged in medieval Europe as standard clerical attire and gradually became a symbol of clerical identity across various denominations. While modern usage varies by region and rite, the cassock remains a recognizable and enduring element of traditional clerical dress in many Christian communities.