tunic

A tunic is a simple, loose-fitting garment that covers the upper body and hangs down to the hips or beyond. It is typically sleeved, but can be sleeveless, and is worn over a shirt or directly on the skin. It is often constructed from a single rectangular piece of fabric with openings for the head and arms, though many modern versions are cut to shape with set-in sleeves. Materials include linen, wool, cotton, or synthetic fabrics, chosen for climate, occasion, and status. Tunics can be plain or ornamented with embroidery, trimming, or patterns.

In the ancient world, the tunica or tunic was a standard inner garment in Roman society and elsewhere in Europe and the Near East. Roman men typically wore knee-length tunics with a belt for work and ceremony; women wore longer versions. In medieval Europe, the tunic persisted as an outer garment and could indicate class or occupation, often worn with a mantle or gown. Similar garments appear in many cultures, with regional variations in length, sleeve style, and decoration.

In contemporary fashion, the tunic refers to a longer top that falls to the hips, thighs, or knees, often worn with leggings or slim pants. It emphasizes comfort and versatility and is common in casual wear, maternity clothing, and ethnically inspired lines. The term also appears in religious or traditional attire worn by priests, monks, and other communities, where the design and symbolism vary.