surfacelocalized
Surfacelocalized, often written surface-localized, is a term used to describe states or excitations whose amplitude is concentrated near a material surface or interface and decays into the adjoining medium. In this sense, a surfacelocalized mode is distinct from bulk states that extend throughout the interior of a material. The localization is typically characterized by a decay length, with the wavefunction or field magnitude falling off away from the surface, often approximately as exp(-z/ξ) for distance z from the surface.
In condensed matter physics, surfacelocalized states arise at crystal terminations, interfaces, or defects. Classic examples include
In photonics and plasmonics, surfacelocalized modes include surface plasmon polaritons at metal-dielectric interfaces and other evanescent
In chemistry and materials science, surfacelocalized orbitals or excitations refer to electronic states localized on surface
Methods to study surfacelocalized phenomena include scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical