suino

Suino refers to the domesticated pig, Sus scrofa domesticus. Pigs are medium- to large-sized, omnivorous mammals in the family Suidae, widely raised for meat and other byproducts.

Domestication and distribution: Domesticated from wild boar in multiple regions, beginning several thousand years ago. Today, pigs are found worldwide and kept in systems ranging from intensive production to smallholder farms, adapted to diverse climates and feed resources.

Biology and reproduction: Pigs are social, intelligent animals with a strong sense of smell. They reach maturity at several months; gestation lasts about 114 days; litter sizes vary widely, commonly 6–12 piglets. Growth to market weight occurs over several months, depending on breed and management.

Uses and production: The primary product is pork, consumed worldwide. Byproducts include lard, gelatin, skin leather, and various organ meats. Diets are high-energy and balanced for protein; feed efficiency is a key metric in production.

Breeds and selection: Numerous breeds exist, including Duroc, Yorkshire (Large White), Landrace, and Pietrain, often used in crossbreeding programs to improve growth rate, litter size, and meat quality. Selection targets can prioritize leanness, marbling, or disease resistance.

Welfare and health: Modern pig farming faces welfare and environmental concerns, such as space, enrichment, and waste management. Pigs are susceptible to diseases such as PRRS and African swine fever, which can have major economic impacts. Regulation and welfare standards vary by country and region.