suhkurtõbi

Suhkurtõbi, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. This occurs because the pancreas either does not produce enough insulin or the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, or both. Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar.

There are several types of suhkurtõbi. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This typically develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. It is characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, and a relative deficiency in insulin production. It is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, though genetics also play a role. Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after delivery, but it increases the risk of both mother and child developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Common symptoms of suhkurtõbi include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. If left untreated, suhkurtõbi can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. Management typically involves a combination of diet, exercise, and sometimes medication, including insulin injections for type 1 diabetes and some individuals with type 2. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management.