sufridos

Sufridos is the masculine plural past participle form of the verb sufrir in Spanish, and is used as an adjective or in compound tenses to mean “suffered” or “endured.” In Portuguese, the cognate form is sofridos, the masculine plural past participle of sofrer; the feminine plural is sofridas. The word sufridos itself is not a standalone noun in common use, but a grammatical form that describes people, events, or things that have experienced hardship.

In Spanish, sufridos commonly describes people or situations marked by adversity. It can appear before or after the noun, though it often follows it, as in un pueblo sufrido (a suffering/afflicted people) or los daños sufridos (the damages suffered). It conveys a sense of endurance and hardship without necessarily judging the people involved. The feminine forms are sufrida (singular) and sufridas (plural); the corresponding Portuguese forms are sofrido/sofridos for masculine and sofrida/sofridas for feminine.

As a participle, sufridos participates in perfect tenses with haber or haber-like auxiliaries in Spanish (for example, ha sufrido, han sufrido). The plural form cannot be used with haber to form a past participle in the same way that titulares do in English; instead, the participle agrees with the subject when used together with a passive or adjectival function, such as daños sufridos or pessoas sofridas.

Etymology traces to the verbs sufrir (Spanish) and sofrer (Portuguese), both from the Latin root associated with enduring or bearing. Related terms include sufrimiento (suffering), padecimiento (affliction), and aflicción.

See also: suffering, affliction, hardship, padecimiento, sofrimiento.