stricture

A stricture is a narrowing or constriction of a tubular structure within the body, often resulting from scar tissue, inflammation, or other pathological processes. Strictures can occur in various organs, including the esophagus, urethra, bile ducts, intestines, or blood vessels, and are typically associated with impaired function of the affected passage.

In the gastrointestinal tract, esophageal strictures may cause difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) and are frequently caused by chronic acid reflux, injury, or previous medical procedures. Urethral strictures can lead to obstructed urine flow, urinary retention, and infections, often resulting from injury, infection, or inflammation.

The development of a stricture generally involves tissue fibrosis, where excessive collagen deposition contracts and narrows the lumen of the affected organ. Diagnosis is commonly achieved through imaging techniques such as endoscopy, ultrasound, or radiographic studies like barium swallow or cystography.

Treatment approaches depend on the severity and location of the stricture. Mild cases may be managed with dilation, where the narrowed segment is widened using balloons or bougies. More persistent or complex strictures might require surgical intervention, such as resection or bypass procedures. Other therapies include the use of stents, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, or tissue remodeling agents.

Complications of untreated strictures include persistent obstruction, perforation, infection, or worsening of organ dysfunction. The management aims to restore normal lumen patency, alleviate symptoms, and prevent recurrence.

Understanding the cause and mechanisms of stricture formation is crucial for effective treatment and prevention, especially in cases related to chronic inflammatory or degenerative conditions.