stoupat

Stoupat is a Czech verb meaning to rise or to increase. It is intransitive and imperfective, used for gradual or ongoing increases in quantities such as prices, temperatures, or numbers of people. The verb has a perfective counterpart, stoupnout, which marks a completed or discrete rise. Stoupat often describes processes rather than single, completed events.

Present tense forms are stoupám, stoupáš, stoupá, stoupáme, stoupáte, stoupají. The past imperfect is stoupal, stoupala, stoupalo. The perfective future is formed with stoupnu, stoupneš, stoupne, stoupneme, stoupnete, stoupnou; the past perfective form is stoupl, stoupla, stouplo. In conditional constructions, the verb takes forms derived from its participles.

Common usages include economic or meteorological contexts: Ceny stoupají (Prices are rising), Teplota stoupá (The temperature is rising), Počet obyvatel stoupá (The population is increasing). For a completed rise, one uses the perfective: Ceny stoupnou, Teplota stoupne. The choice between stoupat and vzrůst or růst depends on nuance; stoupat often implies ongoing upward movement rather than abrupt change.

Etymology: stoupat is a native Slavic verb with cognates in related languages, generally tied to ascent or upward movement. It is widely used in formal and colloquial Czech.

See also: vzrůst, růst, stoupnout.