stoned

Stoned is a colloquial term for a state of intoxication, most commonly associated with cannabis use. It may also refer to being under the influence of a psychoactive substance more generally, or, in a literal or folkloric sense, to being turned to stone. In modern usage, someone described as stoned typically experiences altered perception, mood, and coordination.

Origin and scope: The cannabis sense developed in 20th-century English-language slang. The word derives from stone, reflecting metaphorical ideas of a stone-like mental state or effect. The term is informal and regional, with variations in different English-speaking communities.

Effects and duration: Cannabis- or other-drug induced stonedness can include euphoria, relaxation, slowed thinking, altered senses, impaired memory, and increased appetite. Negative effects can include anxiety, paranoia, dizziness, dry mouth, and red eyes. Onset and duration depend on the substance, dose, route of administration, and individual tolerance. Inhaled forms typically take effect within minutes and last a few hours; edibles can take longer to onset and may last longer.

Context and safety: Legality and regulation of cannabis vary by jurisdiction, with some places permitting medical or recreational use and others prohibiting it. Safety considerations include avoiding driving or operating machinery while intoxicated, being aware of potency, and recognizing signs of adverse reactions. Long-term effects and risks, particularly with frequent use, remain the subject of ongoing research.