sterilet

A **sterilet** (also known as an intrauterine device or IUD) is a small, often T-shaped contraceptive device inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. It is one of the most effective forms of reversible birth control, with failure rates as low as 0.2–0.8% when properly used. Sterilets come in two primary types: hormonal and copper-based, each serving different purposes and lasting varying durations.

Hormonal sterilets release progestin, a synthetic form of the hormone progesterone, which thickens cervical mucus, thins the uterine lining, and suppresses ovulation in some cases. These devices typically last three to eight years, depending on the brand, and are often chosen for their added benefits, such as reduced menstrual cramping and lighter periods. Copper sterilets, on the other hand, do not contain hormones but instead use a copper coil to create an environment toxic to sperm, preventing fertilization. These are non-hormonal and effective for up to 10–12 years, making them a popular option for those who prefer hormone-free contraception.

Insertion of a sterilet is performed by a healthcare professional during an office visit, usually within the first seven days of a menstrual period for non-hormonal types or at any time during the menstrual cycle for hormonal types. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes and may cause mild discomfort or cramping. Once in place, a sterilet is nearly invisible to the user, with only a short string (thread) visible in the vagina for removal.

Complications from sterilet use are rare but can include perforation of the uterus during insertion, infection, or expulsion (where the device falls out). Some users may experience heavier or more painful periods, particularly with copper sterilets. Regular check-ups are recommended to ensure proper placement and functionality. Sterilets are also considered safe for most individuals, including those who have not given birth, though certain medical conditions may contraindicate their use. They provide long-term protection against pregnancy and are a convenient option for those seeking low-maintenance contraception.