statinok

Statins, or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, are a class of lipid-lowering medications that reduce hepatic cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase. This stimulates the liver to increase LDL receptors and remove low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from the bloodstream, with additional modest reductions in triglycerides and a small increase in HDL. They are among the most commonly used drugs for preventing cardiovascular disease.

They are used for primary prevention in individuals at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and for secondary prevention after cardiovascular events, as well as in familial hypercholesterolemia. Potency varies by agent; rosuvastatin and atorvastatin are among the stronger options, while pravastatin and fluvastatin are moderate. In general, statins lower LDL-C by about 25–60% depending on dose and drug, and they reduce the risk of major cardiovascular events in many trials.

Common adverse effects include muscle pain or weakness (myopathy) and, less often, elevated liver enzymes and, rarely, rhabdomyolysis, particularly at high doses or with drug interactions. They can interact with certain medications and with grapefruit juice. Statins are contraindicated in active liver disease and in pregnancy or lactation. Baseline and periodic liver enzyme tests and lipid panels are recommended; CK may be checked if muscle symptoms occur. Some patients may develop new-onset diabetes or cognitive complaints at higher doses.

Dosing is individualized and should be accompanied by lifestyle measures such as a healthy diet, physical activity, and smoking cessation. Clinicians review drug interactions and comorbidities to optimize efficacy and tolerability.