stapeliads

Stapeliads are a diverse group of leafless, stem-succulent flowering plants in the Apocynaceae family, primarily comprising genera such as Stapelia, Huernia, Orbea, and Caralluma. They are native to Africa and adjacent arid regions, with many species adapted to desert and semi-desert habitats. In cultivation they are popular for their unusual, often large flowers and easy care as long as conditions mimic their native drought tolerance.

The plants grow as fleshy, usually cylindrical or angular stems with ridges or tubercles. Stems are typically green to gray and lack true leaves. Flower stalks emerge from the stem apex and bear stellate or cup-shaped blossoms, often five- to seven-lobed, with striking patterns and a central nectar tube. Flowers are frequently foul-smelling, emitting odors reminiscent of rotting meat to attract carrion-feeding flies for pollination. Each flower lasts several days to a week or more.

Ecology and pollination: the characteristic odor and nectar guides attract flies and other insects. The pollination mechanism involves pollinia in many members of the Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae, which attach to visiting insects and transfer between flowers.

Cultivation and care: stapeliads require bright light, good air circulation, and very well-draining soil, such as a cactus-or-succulent mix. Water sparingly, allowing the medium to dry between waterings, and reduce or halt watering in winter. They tolerate warm temperatures but are sensitive to frost. Use containers with drainage and avoid waterlogged roots.

Propagation and safety: most commonly propagated by stem cuttings; allow cut ends to callus before planting. The sap can irritate skin and should be handled with gloves. Some species are protected in the wild, so cultivation should rely on responsibly sourced material.