stückliste

Stückliste, in English known as a bill of materials (BOM), is a structured listing of all components, subassemblies, materials, and instructions required to manufacture a product. It defines the product structure and the quantities needed at each level, from the top-level assembly to individual parts.

Each line typically contains a part number, a description, a unit of measure, and the quantity required per assembly. In electronic and mechanical contexts the list is hierarchical, with levels representing subassemblies and their relationships. A BOM may also include additional data such as supplier information, reference designators, and material properties, depending on the industry and the systems used.

Types and perspectives: Engineering BOM (EBOM) captures design intent and the parts as defined by engineering, while Manufacturing BOM (MBOM) translates the design into items needed on the factory floor, including assembly sequences, work centers, and tooling. Configurable BOMs support variants of a product, and some BOMs serve as sales or service BOMs for aftermarket activities.

Lifecycle and governance: BOMs are living documents subject to revisions through change management. They are often linked to product lifecycle management (PLM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Effective dates, revision levels, and version control help coordinate design changes with procurement and production and ensure consistency across sites.

Usage and implications: BOM accuracy affects material planning, inventory levels, lead times, and cost calculation. Incorrect BOMs can cause stockouts, overstock, or incorrect pricing. The BOM underpins costing and routing in ERP and is essential for compliance and traceability.

Complexities: multi-site sourcing, alternate parts, phantom items, kits, and product variants add complexity. Managing a Stückliste requires data standards, change control, and regular audits.