spårdrivet

Spårdrivet, literally “track-driven” in Swedish, refers to propulsion systems where movement is produced through continuous tracks rather than conventional wheels. The term is used in mechanical engineering, automotive technology and robotics to describe track-based drive configurations found in vehicles and machines that require high stability, large ground contact and good flotation.

A typical spårdriv system comprises one or more drive sprockets connected to the powertrain, an idler wheel, and a continuous track that wraps around such wheels. The track’s surface is in contact with the ground along a long contact patch, which distributes weight and generates traction. Steering is achieved by varying torque to each track, which allows differential steering in some designs, while others use steering mechanisms integrated with the track assemblies. Tracks may be rubber or metal, and designs vary for road use, off-road duty, or both.

Advantages of spårdrivet include low ground pressure, high stability on soft or uneven terrain, good obstacle clearance and superior traction on loose surfaces. Disadvantages include higher weight and mechanical complexity, greater rolling resistance and energy consumption, and more challenging maintenance and repair.

Spårdrivet is common in construction equipment (such as bulldozers and excavators), certain agricultural machinery, military armored vehicles, snow vehicles, and various robots and remote vehicles. Its development reflects a long-standing emphasis on mobility over challenging terrain, with widespread adoption in contexts where track-based contact improves stability and traction relative to wheeled systems. See also wheel drive (hjulsdrift) and related drivetrains.