spreadurile

Spreadurile is the Romanian plural form of spread, used in finance and economics to refer to the differences or margins between related prices, rates, or yields. In Romanian-language financial writing, the term encompasses several specific concepts that describe the extra cost, risk premium, or informational gap involved in trading or comparing instruments.

Common types include:

- Bid-ask spread: the difference between the highest price a buyer is willing to pay (bid) and the lowest price a seller is willing to accept (ask).

- Yield spread: the difference between the yields of two securities, such as bonds with different maturities or credit qualities.

- Credit spread: the additional yield that a borrower must pay to compensate for credit risk relative to a risk-free benchmark.

Other variants include option spreads, calendar spreads, and swap spreads, each reflecting a price or rate differential under particular conditions.

Measurement and interpretation: spreads are often measured in price units (e.g., currency per unit) or in basis points when dealing with yields. A wider spread generally signals higher trading costs, lower liquidity, or greater uncertainty, while a narrower spread indicates higher liquidity and cheaper execution.

Context and significance: spreadurile serve as practical indicators for traders, investors, and analysts to assess market efficiency, liquidity conditions, and risk premia across asset classes. They are commonly reported in financial data, market summaries, and academic studies, and their interpretation depends on the instrument and market structure.