splenruptúra

Splenruptura, also known as splenic rupture, is a serious medical condition characterized by the tearing of the spleen. The spleen is a vital organ located in the upper left quadrant of the abdomen, responsible for filtering blood, storing red blood cells, and playing a role in the immune system.

Causes of splenruptura can be broadly categorized into traumatic and non-traumatic. Traumatic ruptures most commonly occur due to blunt abdominal trauma, such as that sustained in motor vehicle accidents, falls, or sports injuries. Penetrating trauma, like stab wounds or gunshot wounds to the abdomen, can also lead to splenic rupture. Non-traumatic or spontaneous rupture is less common and can occur in individuals with underlying medical conditions that enlarge or weaken the spleen. These conditions include infectious mononucleosis, malaria, leukemia, lymphoma, and certain parasitic infections.

Symptoms of splenruptura can vary in severity and may not always be immediately apparent. Common signs include abdominal pain, particularly in the upper left quadrant, which may radiate to the left shoulder (Kehr's sign). Other symptoms can include dizziness, lightheadedness, rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and signs of shock due to internal bleeding. In some cases, a rupture may be partial and present with delayed symptoms.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies. Ultrasound and CT scans of the abdomen are crucial for identifying the presence and extent of a splenic rupture and any associated bleeding. Treatment depends on the severity of the rupture, the patient's hemodynamic stability, and the presence of underlying conditions. Management can range from conservative observation for minor, stable ruptures to surgical intervention, including splenectomy (surgical removal of the spleen) or spleen-preserving repair in more severe cases. Prompt medical attention is essential for a favorable outcome.