gunshot

A gunshot is the discharge of a firearm, a rapid release of explosive energy that propels a projectile toward a target. The term also refers to the sound produced by the discharge, which includes a muzzle blast and a sonic crack if the bullet travels faster than sound. Gunshots may originate from handheld firearms, rifles, shotguns, or other devices that fire projectiles using primer-initiated propellants.

The projectile’s velocity and energy depend on cartridge design, barrel length, and atmospheric conditions. Bullets may be high-velocity, low-drag designs for precision or hollow-point rounds intended to expand on impact. Shotgun pellets and slugs present different ballistics. Bullets can reach velocities exceeding the speed of sound, creating a sonic boom in addition to the muzzle blast. Wounds from gunshots vary with energy transfer, distance, and tissue contacted; high-energy shots tend to create large temporary and permanent cavities and can cause multi-system injuries.

The sound level of a gunshot often exceeds 140 decibels at the source, which can cause immediate hearing damage and acoustic trauma. Muzzle flash and gas discharge may also affect nearby bystanders.

In forensic science, gunshot injuries are analyzed for entrance versus exit wounds, wound trajectory, caliber, and bullet fragmentation. Gunshot residue and ballistic analysis help determine weapon type and firing conditions.

Safety and legal considerations emphasize responsible handling, hearing protection, and adherence to laws governing firearms and controlled discharges.