Splenruptura

Splenruptura refers to the medical condition known as a ruptured spleen, a serious injury where the spleen, an organ located in the upper left abdomen, tears or bursts. The spleen plays a vital role in filtering blood, storing white blood cells, and aiding immune function. A ruptured spleen can occur due to trauma, such as from a car accident, fall, or physical assault, or in rare cases, from spontaneous rupture in individuals with certain medical conditions like mononucleosis or infections.

Symptoms of a ruptured spleen often include severe pain in the upper left abdomen or left shoulder, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, and pale or clammy skin. In severe cases, internal bleeding can lead to shock, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, imaging tests such as CT scans or ultrasounds, and sometimes blood tests to assess for internal bleeding or anemia.

Treatment for a ruptured spleen depends on the severity of the injury. Non-surgical management may be attempted in stable patients with minor ruptures, involving close monitoring and supportive care. However, most cases require surgical intervention, such as a splenectomy (removal of the spleen) or splenic artery embolization (blocking blood flow to the spleen to allow it to heal). In some cases, damage control surgery may be performed in critically injured patients to stabilize them before definitive treatment.

After splenectomy, patients are at increased risk of infections caused by encapsulated bacteria, as the spleen contributes to immune defense. Vaccinations against diseases like pneumococcal, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b are recommended before surgery to reduce this risk. Long-term follow-up with a healthcare provider is advised to monitor for complications and ensure proper recovery.