spayed

Spayed is an adjective describing a female animal that has been surgically sterilized to prevent reproduction. The common surgical procedure is called an ovariohysterectomy, in which both ovaries and the uterus are removed. Some veterinarians perform an ovariectomy, removing only the ovaries; animals treated this way are also generally regarded as spayed, though the exact technique differs.

Indications and effects: Spaying eliminates the heat cycle and pregnancy risk. It significantly reduces the risk of pyometra, a potentially life-threatening uterine infection, and lowers the risk of mammary tumors when performed before or early in a female’s first heat. The operation is widely used for population control and pet health.

Timing: Spaying is typically performed when the animal is healthy, often between four and six months of age in small to medium dogs and cats, though older animals may also be spayed after veterinary assessment. Some breeds or individuals may have different recommendations, including before first heat or after a first litter in specific cases.

Procedure and recovery: The surgery is done under general anesthesia through an abdominal incision (or flank approach in some species). After removal of the reproductive organs, the incision is closed with sutures. Most animals recover within 10 to 14 days with appropriate post-operative care, including restricted activity, monitoring of the incision, and pain management.

Risks and considerations: As with any surgery, anesthesia carries risk. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, and rare urinary incontinence in some dogs. Spaying does not guarantee complete health effects and should be part of a broader veterinary care plan, including nutrition and exercise to prevent obesity.