soldierfish

Soldierfish are a family of marine ray-finned fish in the family Holocentridae. They are typically found in tropical and subtropical waters worldwide, inhabiting coral reefs and rocky areas. These fish are characterized by their large eyes, which are adapted for seeing in low light conditions, and their generally reddish coloration, which helps them blend in with their surroundings in the dim light of reefs. Their common name, soldierfish, is thought to derive from their bright red color and sometimes their pugnacious nature.

Soldierfish are primarily nocturnal, spending their days hiding in crevices or under ledges and emerging at night to forage for small invertebrates such as crustaceans and mollusks. They are often solitary but can sometimes be found in small groups. Their diet consists mainly of small invertebrates, and they play a role in the reef ecosystem as both predators and prey.

The family Holocentridae is divided into two subfamilies, Holocentrinae (soldierfish) and Myripristinae (squirrelfish). While often grouped together colloquially, soldierfish are generally smaller and have a more elongated body shape compared to squirrelfish, which tend to be deeper-bodied and have more prominent spines. Soldierfish are not typically targeted for commercial fishing, though they are sometimes caught as bycatch and can be found in the aquarium trade.