sleeplessness
Sleeplessness is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or experiencing nonrestorative sleep, occurring despite adequate opportunity to sleep, with daytime consequences. In clinical terms, this condition is most often described as insomnia. Sleeplessness can be acute, lasting days to a few weeks, or chronic, persisting for months or longer.
Common symptoms include trouble falling asleep, frequent awakenings, waking too early, unrefreshing sleep, and daytime symptoms
Causes are multifactorial. They include stress, acute life events, medical or psychiatric conditions (pain, depression, anxiety),
Diagnosis relies on patient history and reported sleep patterns. Sleep diaries and, if indicated, actigraphy or
Treatment emphasizes nonpharmacologic approaches, especially cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), sleep hygiene education, stimulus control, and
Prognosis varies with underlying causes and treatment access; many people improve with CBT-I and behavioral changes,