slapback

Slapback is a short, single-delayed echo used in audio production. It creates a distinct instant echo that lingers briefly behind the dry signal, typically with a delay time in the range of about 40 to 150 milliseconds. Unlike longer echoes or reverb, slapback preserves vocal or instrument clarity while adding a sense of space and punch.

Implementation can be achieved with analog tape delays, early digital delays, or plate reverbs configured for a slapback effect, and with modern digital delay plugins. Commonly, slapback uses little or no feedback to avoid additional repeats, and the wet-dry mix is set so the echo is noticeable but not overpowering.

Slapback became particularly prevalent in the 1950s, especially in rock and roll and rockabilly. It was widely used on lead vocals and guitar parts to give recordings a bright, forward character and to help the voice cut through a dense mix. The effect is closely associated with the era's studio techniques and artists such as Elvis Presley and Carl Perkins.

Today, slapback remains a common tool in various genres, used as a retro or stylistic choice in pop, indie, and country productions. While the term refers to a technique rather than a fixed device, many modern plugins offer dedicated slapback presets that emulate the classic 1950s tape-based sound.

Related concepts include echo, delay, and tape delay. Slapback is distinct from longer echoes or reverberation in its brevity and clarity.