siðaskipta

Siðaskipta, also known as the Reformation, was a major religious, political, and cultural movement that began in the Western Church in the 16th century. The term "siðaskipta" is derived from Old Norse, meaning "change of customs" or "reformation." The movement was initiated by Martin Luther, a German monk and theologian, who challenged the authority of the Catholic Church and its practices. Luther's Ninety-Five Theses, published in 1517, criticized the sale of indulgences and the corruption within the Church, sparking a wave of reform.

The Reformation led to the establishment of Protestantism, a broad movement of churches that reject many of the doctrines and practices of the Catholic Church. Key figures in the Reformation include John Calvin, who developed the doctrine of predestination, and Ulrich Zwingli, who led the Reformation in Switzerland. The movement also spread to other parts of Europe, including England, where King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church to marry Anne Boleyn.

Siðaskipta had profound impacts on European society, politics, and culture. It led to the dissolution of monasteries and the secularization of many religious institutions. The movement also contributed to the development of national identities and the rise of modern nation-states. However, it also resulted in religious wars and conflicts, as different Protestant denominations and the Catholic Church often clashed over theological differences.

The Reformation's legacy continues to influence religious and political thought today. It remains a significant event in the history of Christianity and Western civilization, shaping the religious and cultural landscape of Europe and beyond.