silmakahju

Silmakahju is the Estonian term for eye damage or injury, referring to any form of damage to the eye that impairs its structure or function. The word combines silma ("eye") and kahju ("damage"), and the concept covers a wide range of conditions from minor to life-threatening.

Eye injuries can affect external tissues such as the eyelids and conjunctiva, as well as internal structures including the cornea, lens, retina, or optic nerve. They span from superficial injuries like corneal abrasions to severe events such as globe rupture or retinal detachment. Common categories include blunt trauma, penetrating injuries, chemical burns, thermal burns, and radiation exposure. Infections and inflammatory conditions can also lead to lasting ocular damage.

Symptoms vary with the injury but may include pain, redness, tearing, decreased or blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and swelling. A careful examination by an ophthalmologist or emergency clinician is typically required to assess the extent of damage and to rule out vision-threatening conditions.

Diagnosis relies on history, visual acuity testing, and ocular examination, often with a slit lamp. Additional imaging or retinal assessment may be needed for deeper injuries or when the retina or optic nerve is affected.

First aid emphasizes safety and rapid care: for chemical exposure, rinse the eye with clean water or saline for at least 15–20 minutes and seek urgent medical attention; do not rub the eye or apply pressure, and do not remove any penetrating object before professional help.

Treatment depends on the injury and may include medications, protective measures, or surgery. Prevention focuses on eye protection in hazardous activities and prompt evaluation of any eye injury to minimize the risk of permanent vision loss.