silkprocessing

Silk processing refers to the sequence of operations that convert raw silk from silkworm cocoons into usable silk fiber and fabric. The process is typically divided into sericulture, cocoon processing, filament extraction and yarn preparation, weaving or knitting, and finishing, including dyeing. Different silk types, such as Mulberry (Bombyx mori) silk and wild silks like tussah, may follow similar stages with some variations in treatment.

Sericulture is the cultivation of silkworms and the production of cocoons. Silkworms, most commonly Bombyx mori, are raised on a diet of mulberry leaves. After completing their larval stage, they spin protective cocoons from a single continuous filament. Cocoon quality depends on factors such as larvae health, age at harvest, and rearing conditions.

Cocoon processing and filament extraction involve killing or disabling the pupae inside the cocoon to prevent moth emergence, then unwinding the silk filaments. The thread from many cocoons is often combined and twisted (thrown) to form a yarn of usable thickness. Filaments can be reeled into long continuous threads or made into spun silk, which uses shorter fibers.

Fabric production and finishing include weaving or knitting the silk yarn into textiles, followed by dyeing and finishing. A common early step is degumming, which removes sericin—the gum that binds the filaments—so dyes take evenly and the fabric gains desired softness and luster. Finishing steps may include washing, bleaching, calendaring, and surface treatments to enhance texture or sheen.

Silk processing is labor-intensive and regionally concentrated in parts of Asia and other silk-producing regions. Environmental and supply-chain considerations, such as sericulture waste management and ethical sourcing, are increasingly emphasized in modern production.