siilid

Siilid, or hedgehogs, are small to medium-sized mammals belonging to the family Erinaceidae. They are found across Europe, Asia, and Africa, with several species adapted to different habitats from woodlands and hedgerows to gardens and deserts. Hedgehogs are recognizable by their coat of stiff spines, which are modified hairs used for protection. When threatened, they roll into a tight ball, with the spines pointing outward to deter predators. The fur on the face and underbelly is soft, and many species have a pointed snout and short legs.

Most hedgehogs are nocturnal and solitary. They feed primarily on invertebrates such as insects, worms, snails, and slugs, but may also consume fruit, seeds, and carrion. They use their keen sense of smell and hearing to locate prey, while sight is adapted mainly for low-light conditions. Hedgehogs are capable swimmers and climbers, but they are not true hibernators in all parts of their range; in temperate regions they often enter a period of torpor during cold months.

Reproduction occurs in spring and summer. After a gestation of about 35 days, females give birth to typically four to seven young, called hoglets. Hoglets are born blind and without spines; spines emerge within hours, and they become independent after several weeks.

Conservation status varies by species and region. Habitat loss, road mortality, and pesticide exposure contribute to declines in some populations. Hedgehogs are protected in parts of their range, and conservation efforts often emphasize habitat connectivity and reducing pesticide use. Some species, such as the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), are well known in Europe, while other hedgehogs belong to different genera, including Atelerix and Hemiechinus.