signet

Signet refers to a seal used to authenticate documents by imprinting a mark into soft material such as wax or clay. The term most often denotes a signet ring—a finger ring bearing an engraved seal on its underside—but can also describe a seal matrix or other device used to make a seal. A signet's impression typically conveys identity or authority and functions as a signature or proof of provenance when handwriting is impractical or unavailable.

Historically, signets appear in ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley, with later use across Greek, Roman, and Islamic societies. In medieval and early modern Europe, nobles and officials used signet rings to seal letters and legal instruments, forging an essential link between personal identity and official documents. The ring or matrix is usually engraved in intaglio (the design is cut into the surface so that an impression is raised in wax) or, less commonly, in relief. Materials ranged from gold and silver to engraved gemstones.

Today signets remain common as heirlooms or ceremonial objects. Many jurisdictions no longer depend on seals for legal authentication, preferring signatures, but corporate seals and notarial customs persist in some contexts. Signet rings continue to be worn as personal insignia and can feature heraldic devices, monograms, or modern logos. Modern seal matrices may incorporate security features to deter forgery.

Related topics include signet ring, seal, wax seal, and heraldry.